What connects these muscles to the finger bones so that they can move the fingers?

A Patient'southward Guide to Hand Anatomy

Introduction

Few structures of the homo anatomy are as unique equally the hand. The hand needs to be mobile in order to position the fingers and thumb. Adequate forcefulness forms the basis for normal hand function. The hand too must exist coordinated to perform fine motor tasks with precision. The structures that class and movement the hand crave proper alignment and command in order for normal mitt function to occur.

In addition to reading this article, be sure to watch our Mitt Beefcake Animated Tutorial Video.

This guide volition help you empathize

• what parts make upward the hand
• how those parts work together

Important Structures

The important structures of the mitt can be divided into several categories. These include

• bones and joints
• ligaments and tendons
• muscles
• fretfulness
• claret vessels

The front, or palm-side, of the hand is referred to as the palmar side. The back of the hand is called the dorsal side.

Basic and Joints

At that place are 27 bones within the wrist and hand. The wrist itself contains eight small bones, called carpals. The carpals join with the two forearm basic, the radius and ulna, forming the wrist joint. Farther into the palm, the carpals connect to the metacarpals. There are five metacarpals forming the palm of the hand. 1 metacarpal connects to each finger and pollex. Small bone shafts called phalanges line upwardly to form each finger and thumb.

The main knuckle joints are formed by the connections of the phalanges to the metacarpals. These joints are called the metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP joints). The MCP joints work like a swivel when you bend and straighten your fingers and thumb.

The 3 phalanges in each finger are separated by ii joints, called interphalangeal joints (IP joints). The one closest to the MCP articulation (knuckle) is called the proximal IP joint (PIP articulation). The joint near the end of the finger is chosen the distal IP joint (DIP articulation). The pollex but has one IP joint betwixt the two thumb phalanges. The IP joints of the digits also work like hinges when you bend and straighten your fingers and pollex.

The joints of the hand, fingers, and pollex are covered on the ends with articular cartilage. This white, shiny material has a rubbery consistency. The function of articular cartilage is to absorb shock and provide an extremely smooth surface to
facilitate move. There is articular cartilage essentially everywhere that two bony surfaces move against one some other, or articulate.

Ligaments and Tendons

Ligaments are tough bands of tissue that connect bones together. Two of import structures, called collateral ligaments, are found on either side of each finger and thumb articulation. The part of the collateral ligaments is to prevent abnormal sideways bending of each joint.

In the PIP joint (the middle joint between the main knuckle and the DIP articulation), the strongest ligament is the volar plate. This ligament connects the proximal phalanx to the middle phalanx on the palm side of the joint. The ligament tightens as the joint is straightened and keeps the PIP joint from bending back besides far (hyperextending). Finger deformities can occur when the volar plate loosens from disease or injury.

The tendons that allow each finger joint to straighten are called the extensor tendons. The extensor tendons of the fingers begin every bit muscles that arise from the backside of the forearm bones. These muscles travel towards the hand, where they eventually connect to the extensor tendons earlier crossing over the back of the wrist joint. As they travel into the fingers, the extensor tendons become the extensor hood. The extensor hood flattens out to cover the top of the finger and sends out branches on each side that connect to the basic in the center and end of the finger.

The place where the extensor tendon attaches to the middle phalanx is called the central slip. When the extensor muscles contract, they tug on the extensor tendon and straighten the finger. Issues occur when the central slip is damaged, as can happen with a tear.

Muscles

Many of the muscles that control the paw start at the elbow or forearm. They run downwardly the forearm and cross the wrist and hand. Some control just the bending or straightening of the wrist. Others influence move of the fingers or thumb. Many of these muscles help position and concord the wrist and manus while the pollex and fingers grip or perform fine motor actions.

Most of the small muscles that piece of work the thumb and pinky finger start on the carpal bones. These muscles connect in ways that allow the manus to grip and hold. 2 muscles permit the pollex to movement across the palm of the hand, an important function called pollex opposition.

The smallest muscles that originate in the wrist and hand are called the intrinsic muscles. The intrinsic muscles guide the fine motions of the fingers by getting the fingers positioned and holding them steady during hand activities.

Nerves

All of the fretfulness that travel to the hand and fingers begin together at the shoulder: the radial nerve, the median nervus, and the ulnar nerve. These nerves bear signals from the brain to the muscles that move the arm, hand, fingers, and pollex. The nerves also carry signals back to the encephalon almost sensations such equally impact, hurting, and temperature.

The radial nerve runs forth the thumb-side edge of the forearm. It wraps effectually the end of the radius os toward the back of the paw. It gives sensation to the dorsum of the hand from the thumb to the 3rd finger. It also supplies the back of the thumb and merely beyond the main knuckle of the dorsum surface of the ring and middle fingers.

The median nerve travels through a tunnel inside the wrist called the carpal tunnel. This nervus gives sensation to the thumb, index finger, long finger, and half of the ring finger. It likewise sends a nerve branch to control the thenar muscles of the thumb. The thenar muscles help move the pollex and let yous bear upon the pad of the thumb to the tips each of each finger on the aforementioned hand, a motion called opposition.

The ulnar nerve travels through a split tunnel, chosen Guyon's canal. This tunnel is formed by two carpal basic, the pisiform and hamate, and the ligament that connects them. After passing through the canal, the ulnar nerve branches out to supply feeling to the pinkie and half the band finger. Branches of this nervus also supply the pocket-sized muscles in the palm and the muscle that pulls the pollex toward the palm.

The fretfulness that travel to the hand are field of study to problems. Constant bending and straightening of the wrist and fingers can lead to irritation or pressure on the fretfulness within their tunnels and cause problems such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the hand, fingers, and thumb.

Blood Vessels

Traveling along with the nerves are the large vessels that supply the hand with claret. The largest artery is the radial artery that travels across the front end of the wrist, closest to the thumb. The radial artery is where the pulse is taken in the wrist. The ulnar artery runs adjacent to the ulnar nervus through Guyon's culvert (mentioned earlier). The ulnar and radial arteries arch together within the palm of the hand, supplying the front of the hand, fingers, and thumb. Other arteries travel across the dorsum of the wrist to supply the dorsum of the manus, fingers, and thumb.

Summary

The mitt is formed of numerous structures that accept an important function in normal hand function. Conditions that change the way these structures work tin can greatly affect whether the mitt functions normally. When our hands are free of problems, information technology'due south like shooting fish in a barrel to accept the circuitous anatomy of the hand for granted.

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Source: https://eorthopod.com/hand-anatomy/

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